Tips on how to maintain your home humidifier

Humidifiers can ease problems caused by dry indoor air, like dry sinuses, bloody noses and cracked lips. They can also help ease symptoms of a cold or other respiratory conditions. Humidifiers are devices that emit water vapour or steam to increase moisture levels in the air (humidity). There are several types:

• Central humidifiers are built into home heating and air conditioning systems, and are designed to humidify the whole house.

• Ultrasonic humidifiers produce a cool mist with ultrasonic vibration.

• Impeller humidifiers produce a cool mist with a rotating disk.

• Evaporators use a fan to blow air through a wet wick, filter or belt.

• Steam vaporisers use electricity to create steam that cools before leaving the machine. Avoid this type of humidifier if you have children; the hot water inside it may cause burns if spilled.

Also be cautious as humidifiers need regular maintenance. Although useful, they can become a household health hazard and actually make you sick if they aren’t maintained properly or if humidity levels stay too high.

If you use them, be sure to monitor humidity levels and keep your humidifier clean. Dirty humidifiers can breed mould or bacteria. If you have allergies or asthma, talk to your doctor before using a humidifier.

Humidity levels

Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air. The amount of humidity varies depending on the season, weather and where you live. Generally, humidity levels are higher in the summer and lower during winter months.

Ideally, humidity in your home should be between 30% and 50%. Humidity that’s too low or too high can cause problems. Low humidity can cause dry skin, irritate your nasal passages and throat, and make your eyes itchy.

High humidity can make your home feel stuffy and cause condensation on walls, floors and other surfaces that triggers the growth of harmful bacteria, dust mites and moulds. These allergens can cause respiratory problems and trigger allergy and asthma flare-ups.

The best way to test humidity levels in your house is with a hygrometer. This device, which looks like a thermometer, measures the amount of moisture in the air. Hygrometers can be purchased at hardware stores and department stores.

When buying a humidifier, consider purchasing one with a built-in hygrometer (humidistat) that maintains humidity within a healthy range.

If you or your child has asthma or allergies, talk to your health care provider before using a humidifier. Increased humidity may ease breathing in children and adults who have asthma or allergies, especially during a respiratory infection such as a cold.

But dirty mist or increased growth of allergens caused by high humidity can trigger or worsen asthma and allergy symptoms.

And just as air that’s dry can be a problem, so can air that’s too moist. When the natural humidity gets too high – common during summer months – it’s a good idea to take steps to reduce indoor moisture.

There are two ways to reduce humidity:

• Use an air conditioner. Central or window-mounted air conditioning units dry the air, keeping indoor humidity at a comfortable and healthy level.

• Use a dehumidifier. These devices collect excess moisture from the air, lowering humidity levels.

Dehumidifiers work like air conditioners, without the “cooling” effect. They’re often used to help dry out damp basements.

Keeping it clean

Dirty reservoirs and filters in humidifiers can quickly breed bacteria and mould.

Dirty humidifiers can be especially problematic for people with asthma and allergies, but even in healthy people humidifiers have the potential to trigger flu-like symptoms, or even lung infections, when the contaminated mist or steam is released into the air.

Steam vaporisers or evaporators may be less likely to release airborne allergens than cool-mist humidifiers. To keep humidifiers free of harmful mould, fungi and bacteria, follow the guidelines recommended by the manufacturer.

These tips for portable humidifiers can also help:

• Use distilled or demineralised water.

Tap water contains minerals that can create deposits inside your humidifier, which promotes bacterial growth. When released into the air, these minerals often appear as white dust on your furniture. You may also breathe in some of these minerals that are dispersed into the air.

Distilled or demineralised water has a much lower mineral content compared with tap water. In addition, use demineralisation cartridges or filters if recommended by the manufacturer.

• Change the water often.

Don’t allow film or deposits to develop inside your humidifiers. Empty the tanks, dry the inside surfaces and refill with clean water every day if possible, especially if using cool mist or ultrasonic humidifiers.

• Clean it every three days.

Unplug the humidifier before you clean it. Remove any mineral deposits or film from the tank or other parts of the humidifier with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, which is available at pharmacies. Some manufacturers recommend using chlorine bleach or other disinfectants.

• Always rinse the tank after cleaning to keep harmful chemicals from becoming airborne, and then inhaled.

• Change the filters regularly.

If the humidifier has a filter, change it at least as often as the manufacturer recommends – and more often if it’s dirty. Also regularly change the filter in your central air conditioning and heating system.

• Keep the area around it dry.

If the area around a humidifier becomes damp or wet, including windows, carpeting, drapes or tablecloths, turn the humidifier down or reduce how frequently you use it.

• Prepare it for storage.

Drain and clean humidifiers before storing them. And then clean them again when you take them out of storage for use. Throw away all used cartridges, cassettes or filters. If you have a humidifier built into your central heating and cooling system, read the instruction manual or ask your heating and cooling specialist about proper maintenance.

• Consider replacing old humidifiers.

Over time, humidifiers can build up deposits that are difficult or impossible to remove, and encourage growth of bacteria.